Spoiler: a lot.
Children aren’t born needing rewards to learn. In the beginning, curiosity is enough. A toddler doesn’t need a sticker to pour water, sort leaves, or repeat a movement until it makes sense to them. The drive comes from within, not from what waits at the end.
But when learning becomes tied to external rewards — candy, tokens, badges, points — something subtle begins to shift. The work becomes a means to an end. The question moves from “What can I figure out?” to “What do I get?”
Decades of educational psychology point to the same pattern: when children are rewarded for something they were already interested in, they often stop being interested once the rewards disappear. The research term for this is the overjustification effect — the reward replaces the reason. The brain reinforces that shift chemically. When rewards drive the learning, dopamine begins to attach to the reward instead of the work itself, and over time the child starts chasing the prize rather than the process.
The problem isn’t the sticker or the candy — it’s what the nervous system learns underneath:
I only do the work when something external makes it feel worth doing.
That mindset doesn’t stay in childhood. When learning is built around rewards, some students will keep participating, but only when a grade or payoff is attached. Others disengage completely and look for faster dopamine somewhere else, often through screens or gaming. In both cases, the internal drive to learn is interrupted instead of strengthened.
And as more routine work is automated by artificial intelligence, the tasks left to humans will require the very qualities rewards tend to weaken: initiative, executive functioning, sustained attention, creativity, and the ability to work toward a goal without instant payoff. Those are not reward-dependent skills. They are purpose-dependent skills.
At Meridian Learning, we’ve seen the difference. Whether a student joins us at age three or twelve, our curriculum is intentionally designed to protect and strengthen intrinsic motivation — not because it’s trendy, but because it’s foundational to learning and to life. We create environments where the work itself matters, where children act because they are interested, capable, or connected to a purpose, not because something is waiting at the finish line.
When motivation depends on rewards, it disappears when the rewards do. When it lives inside the learner, it lasts far beyond childhood and becomes part of how they move through the world.
Curious how we design learning around motivation instead of rewards? Explore our lab schools here.




